tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-75743382007706411462024-03-07T12:48:48.928+01:00The Scorpion Files NewsblogThis blog will list news about all aspects of scorpion biology and important taxonomical updates from The scorpion Files. The Scorpion Files is a leading information source about scorpions, and has among others an updated list of all extant families, genera and species.(C) Jan Ove Rein and The Scorpion Files.Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.comBlogger1358125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-19233530044040282752024-03-07T12:48:00.000+01:002024-03-07T12:48:13.503+01:00A new species of Scorpiops from Thailand<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR0QcvwsGPMLr1vJKUTuTSXI3sAD-e32muzsiLcDMKbiafsI9iVJVpeq10dGrCbxUwEN7wovaQzFiJCYgqtqe0MgftwcVWrU_dKlKlBjNcCsGol90cPSoHI4DwiDb3CBcdAFfGkKF-KoTG865vJzQK1v9dVL4zjcZ78b2fsmKbU-jarQsVvcaPwHkH/s956/krachan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="956" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiR0QcvwsGPMLr1vJKUTuTSXI3sAD-e32muzsiLcDMKbiafsI9iVJVpeq10dGrCbxUwEN7wovaQzFiJCYgqtqe0MgftwcVWrU_dKlKlBjNcCsGol90cPSoHI4DwiDb3CBcdAFfGkKF-KoTG865vJzQK1v9dVL4zjcZ78b2fsmKbU-jarQsVvcaPwHkH/s320/krachan.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> Wasin Nawanetiwong and co-workers have recently published a new species of <i>Scorpiops</i> Peters, 1861 (Scorpiopidae) from Thailand.</p><p><em>Scorpiops krachan</em> Nawanetiwong, Kosulic, Warrit, Lourenço & Ythier, 2024</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species, <i>Scorpiops </i>(<i>Euscorpiops</i>) <i>krachan</i> sp. nov., belonging to the family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905 is described based on three adult males and one adult female collected in the Kaeng Krachan National Park, Phetchaburi Province, Thailand. The new species presents most features exhibited by scorpions of the subgenus<i> Euscorpiops</i> and can be characterized notably by a very small size, a sexual dimorphism strongly marked with male pedipalps elongated, a distinct trichobothrial pattern and other morphological features. This new taxon may represent one endemic element for the scorpion fauna of Thailand. Aspects of the ecology and distribution of the new species are discussed and compared with that of other relative <i>Scorpiops</i> species.</span><br /><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Nawanetiwong W, Kosulic O, Warrit N, Lourenco WR, Ythier E. A new species of the genus<i> Scorpiops </i>Peters, 1861, subgenus <i>Euscorpiops</i> Vachon, 1980 from Thailand (Scorpiones, Scorpiopidae). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.113398">ZooKeys. 2024(11943):161-70</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Eric for informing me about the new paper!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/scorpiopidae.php">Family Scorpiopidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-83326706692977865902024-03-07T10:44:00.003+01:002024-03-07T10:44:58.153+01:00A new high altitude species in the genus Hottentotta from Tibet<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqRe4I53OGjsMMtXYxArHNc9js7JDi6-gOywmOy3cEZ0oknDBWliUYNWz3Wp6NxuqKgWHsn_Hpxbhum5jX3MkXX-49NTST3Iq0Qk7_AzBKucGvbD15Q31b2OM8f6rA5brumNwsLD212FTAAkfZbPpVw8d_GApgtErEfK2YXjkCv4We-fgA20ZjVHCi/s878/leetzi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="658" data-original-width="878" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqRe4I53OGjsMMtXYxArHNc9js7JDi6-gOywmOy3cEZ0oknDBWliUYNWz3Wp6NxuqKgWHsn_Hpxbhum5jX3MkXX-49NTST3Iq0Qk7_AzBKucGvbD15Q31b2OM8f6rA5brumNwsLD212FTAAkfZbPpVw8d_GApgtErEfK2YXjkCv4We-fgA20ZjVHCi/s320/leetzi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Eric Ythier has recently described a new species of <i>Hottentotta</i> Birula, 1908 (Buthidae) from Tibet, China. </p><p><i>Hottentotta leetzi </i>Ythier, 2024<br /></p><p>The new species was collected at an elevation of 4920 and this probably an elevation record for scorpions in Asia and possible in the world (see discussion about this in the article).</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species belonging to the genus <i>Hottentotta </i>Birula, 1908 (family Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) is described on the basis of one adult female specimen collected in Wāgya La, Kangmar County, Tibet (Xizang), China. <i>Hottentotta leetzi</i> sp. n. was collected at an elevation of 4920 m, representing to our knowledge the highest elevation record for a scorpion species in Asia, and maybe in the World. This new scorpion taxon represents the 61st described species among the currently recognized species for the genus <i>Hottentotta</i> and the second reported from China. It is the 30th scorpion species reported from Tibet.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Ythier E. A new high-elevation scorpion species of the genus <i>Hottentotta</i> Birula, 1908 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Tibet, China. <a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/Arachnides%20114.pdf">Arachnides. 2024(114):1-9</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Eric Ythier and Gerard Dupre for informing me about this article!<br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-8197546523254370012024-02-26T10:49:00.001+01:002024-02-26T10:49:10.453+01:00A new species of Buthacus from Algeria<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpLJzOcyzyLbINPzuihfmDAbbn7P5N7GM9S87eDpnc-CAqcQu2XKHxTkV3m4WWAoVYiyOJYHJN4ZtWDRRJrKfq-JtchNDvsOFN35jwp4vK09qptdQq5a_oJGTZtrAYSrneGJ7AR_XVMBZWvd9M95ADUouc3dkk2m67M2eMyvdWcz1MkjhXZWRWpjmq/s956/deserticus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="956" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpLJzOcyzyLbINPzuihfmDAbbn7P5N7GM9S87eDpnc-CAqcQu2XKHxTkV3m4WWAoVYiyOJYHJN4ZtWDRRJrKfq-JtchNDvsOFN35jwp4vK09qptdQq5a_oJGTZtrAYSrneGJ7AR_XVMBZWvd9M95ADUouc3dkk2m67M2eMyvdWcz1MkjhXZWRWpjmq/s320/deserticus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Salah Eddine Sadine and co-workers have recently published a new species of <i>Buthacus </i>Birula,
1908 (Buthidae) from Central Algeria.</p><p><i>Buthacus</i> <em>deserticus</em> Sadine, Souilem, Lourenço & Ythier, 2024</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species of <i>Buthacus</i> Birula, 1908 is described on the basis of specimens collected in the region of Ghardaïa, Central Algeria. <i>Buthacus deserticus</i> sp. n. belongs to the <i>Buthacus leptochelys</i> (Ehrenberg 1829) complex of species. It is compared with the two other species of the “<i>leptochelys</i>” complex occurring in the region, namely <i>B. spinatus</i> Lourenço, Bissati & Sadine, 2016 and <i>B. elmenia </i>Lourenço & Sadine, 2017. This new taxon represents the 12th known <i>Buthacus</i> species reported from Algeria. A map of the geographical distribution of the Algerian <i>Buthacus</i> species is presented. Emended diagnosis is also provided for <i>Buthacus spinatus</i> Lourenço, Bissati & Sadine, 2016 based on additional material.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Sadine SE, Souilem Z, Chedad A, Bahri C, Zebsa R, Houhamdi M, et al. A new species of <i>Buthacus</i> Birula, 1908 from the Algerian Saharan Desert (Scorpiones: Buthidae). <a href="https://hal.science/hal-04475443v1/document">Faunitaxys. 2024;12(9):1-9</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Gerard Dupre and Eric Ythier for sending me this article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-67006527258048475492024-02-19T12:12:00.004+01:002024-02-19T12:12:40.920+01:00A new species of Scorpio from Algeria<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0e_padIhQJVqFfw85d15a326P4cKh_zrsfmKrtZhaWVLZI84n9X_ycdMbQToBvDcXCeQ-2-TLYdazx3JAQs7RWKbwhITHsV_R1lFSB4VyYDdBT0EHOSXck3-ce9-l3AIi5YgG-8f3c54cpgnHKaoStqPB4PEu77yOfa81EVlYNXg7ozUUkkVHZ7l/s1006/atakor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="860" data-original-width="1006" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy0e_padIhQJVqFfw85d15a326P4cKh_zrsfmKrtZhaWVLZI84n9X_ycdMbQToBvDcXCeQ-2-TLYdazx3JAQs7RWKbwhITHsV_R1lFSB4VyYDdBT0EHOSXck3-ce9-l3AIi5YgG-8f3c54cpgnHKaoStqPB4PEu77yOfa81EVlYNXg7ozUUkkVHZ7l/s320/atakor.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Eric Ythier and co-workers recently published an article describing a new species of <i>Scorpio</i> Linnaeus, 1758(Scorpionidae) from Atakor volcanic field in the Hoggar massif in the south of Algeria.</p><p><i>Scorpio atakor</i> Ythier, Sadine, Bengaid & Lourenço, 2024</p><p>The authors also raise <i>Scorpio trarasensis </i>Bouisset & Larrouy, 1962 to species status after it previously was synonymized with <i>Scorpio maurus maurus </i>Linnaeus, 1758 (it was originally described as a subspecies of <i>S. maurus</i>.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species of <i>Scorpio</i> Linnaeus, 1758 is described from the Atakor volcanic field in the Hoggar massif, located in the South of Algeria. <i>Scorpio atakor</i> sp. nov. most certainly represents a vicariant element of <i>Scorpio tassili</i> Lourenço & Rossi, 2016, species equally described from a massif formation, the Tassili N’Ajjer, in the South of Algeria. Both species are distributed in high altitudes in these massifs. <i>Scorpio trarasensis </i>Bouisset & Larrouy, 1962 stat. rev., stat. nov. is also restored from its synonymy with <i>Scorpio maurus maurus</i> Linnaeus, 1758 and raised to species level. The number of confirmed species of <i>Scorpio</i> in Algeria is raised to six.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Ythier E, Sadine SE, Bengaid Y, Lourenco WR. A new species of Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 from Algeria (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) and a new case of vicariance. <a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/Arachnides%20113.pdf">Arachnides. 2024(113):1-11</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/scorpionidae.php">Family Scorpionidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-80799167005175225172024-02-15T10:35:00.000+01:002024-02-15T10:35:16.796+01:00Two new species of Euscorpius from Bulgaria and Greece<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8V6TbQiDM0BVOYadgGPc48bIKh-888ACuKKLxsFtYDu2paiIha50s4EMZBa5ef43scTB9AbTM_MVk2VOpnOoy00aog0cLk2bVj6B4ZYSOzDSfIM7jfsVVjH1I1D6tYvWTucAYo5FuVpYU8RJ8iJ7o5xvqKkqQ68Iuk6NnsXcIVBA8POHQ3QbQahiO/s1025/euscorpius%20feb24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="989" data-original-width="1025" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8V6TbQiDM0BVOYadgGPc48bIKh-888ACuKKLxsFtYDu2paiIha50s4EMZBa5ef43scTB9AbTM_MVk2VOpnOoy00aog0cLk2bVj6B4ZYSOzDSfIM7jfsVVjH1I1D6tYvWTucAYo5FuVpYU8RJ8iJ7o5xvqKkqQ68Iuk6NnsXcIVBA8POHQ3QbQahiO/s320/euscorpius%20feb24.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Parts of Europe still seem to be an <span class="equivalent" lang="en">inexhaustible source of new <i>Euscorpius</i> Thorell, 1876 (Euscorpiidae) species. Gioele Tropea and co-workers have recently published a new article describing a new species from Bulgaria and from Greece based on morphological and molecular evidence.</span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en"><i>Euscorpius petaberoni</i> </span>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis & Stathi, 2024 (<span class="equivalent" lang="en">Known only from Kovachevitsa in the Western Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria)</span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en"><i>Euscorpius trichasi</i> </span>Tropea, Fet, Parmakelis & Stathi, 2024 (<span class="equivalent" lang="en">Known only from the Mt. Olympos massif in Thessaly in Greece)</span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en"><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Two scorpion species, <i>Euscorpius petarberoni</i> sp. n. (Bulgaria) and <i>E. trichasi </i>sp. n. (Greece), are described based on morphological and molecular evidence; <i>E. petarberoni</i> sp. n. is related to <i>E. popovi</i> Tropea et al., 2015, <i>E. drenskii</i> Tropea et al., 2015, and <i>E. thracicus</i> Kovařík et al., 2020, while <i>E. trichasi</i> sp. n. is related to <i>E. kabateki</i> Kovařík & Šťáhlavský, 2020.<br /></span></span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en"><b>Reference:</b><br />Tropea G, Fet V, Parmakelis A, Stathi I. Two New Species of Euscorpius (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae) from Bulgaria and Greece. <a href="https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.01.001">Zoodiversity. 2024;58(1):1-18</a>. [Open Access]<br /></span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en">Thanks to Victor Fet and Siegfried Huber for informing me about this article!</span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en"><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/euscorpiidae.php">Family Euscorpiidae</a></span></p><p><span class="equivalent" lang="en"> </span></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-71484981445813554612024-02-07T10:50:00.000+01:002024-02-07T10:50:12.075+01:00An extensive revision of the genus Olivierus in Xinjiang, China<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPIBeRFZmgrcZ4Mb39Yh5PgekE_KJ6FrBrAPsrxK2e-K1mKyDqjClLoqA2iWa7qcj0rTtkp2P-A5vG1Nm8j10kbromzIC1Q9tgAKzHzlhJzwVQfZn4uQYrZCBRkP1gSIVXDBVTsIeaYowAN7OG8qjEz7F6PsvUyxxeztngaRcU-xUriQTAmp5dT5yc/s2048/olivierus%20Tang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1220" data-original-width="2048" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPIBeRFZmgrcZ4Mb39Yh5PgekE_KJ6FrBrAPsrxK2e-K1mKyDqjClLoqA2iWa7qcj0rTtkp2P-A5vG1Nm8j10kbromzIC1Q9tgAKzHzlhJzwVQfZn4uQYrZCBRkP1gSIVXDBVTsIeaYowAN7OG8qjEz7F6PsvUyxxeztngaRcU-xUriQTAmp5dT5yc/s320/olivierus%20Tang.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Victoria Tang a co-workers recently published a thorough revision of the genus <i>Olivierus</i> Farzanpay, 1987 (Buthidae) in Xinjiang, China.</p><p>Based on both morphological and molecular evidence,<i> Olivierus longichelus</i> (Sun & Zhu, 2010) and <i>O. przewalskii</i> (Birula, 1897) are the only representatives of this genus in this region. The authors also have made the following taxonomical conclusions:</p><p><i>Olivierus (Mesobuthus) bolensis</i> (Sun et al., 2010) is synonymized with <i>Olivierus longichelus</i> (Sun & Zhu, 2010).</p><p><i>Olivierus (Mesobuthus) karshius</i> (Sun & Sun, 2011) is synonymized with<i> Olivierus longichelus </i>(Sun & Zhu, 2010).</p><p><i>Olivierus tarabaevi</i> Fet et al., 2021 is synonymized with <i>Olivierus longichelus</i> (Sun & Zhu, 2010).</p><p>Some information about the genus' habitat, distribution and biology is also included. <br /></p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">The genus <i>Olivierus</i> Farzanpay, 1987 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, is revised based on recently collected topotypes and other populations from 12 localities. Brief differential diagnoses are provided, with colored illustrations and photos in vivo habitus, emphasizing the key characters. Chinese appellations, conservation status, and documentation of behavior and post-envenomation symptoms are also included. Only two species are now recognized for this genus in Xinjiang: <i>O. longichelus </i>(Sun & Zhu, 2010) and <i>O. przewalskii </i>(Birula, 1897), based on both morphological and molecular evidence. The two species exhibit extensive distribution in Xinjiang (China) while also occurring in adjacent countries. Three new synonyms are proposed: <i>Mesobuthus bolensis </i>Sun et al., 2010 = <i>Olivierus longichelus </i>(Sun & Zhu, 2010), syn. n.; <i>Mesobuthus karshius </i>Sun & Sun, 2011 = <i>Olivierus longichelus</i> (Sun & Zhu, 2010), syn. n.; <i>Olivierus tarabaevi </i>Fet et al., 2021 = <i>Olivierus longichelus</i> (Sun & Zhu, 2010), syn. n. Two species, <i>Olivierus extremus </i>(Werner, 1936) and <i>O. hainanensis </i>(Birula, 1904), are likely synonymous with <i>O. martensii</i> (Karsch, 1879). Should future examination confirm this assumption, the total number of species in genus <i>Olivierus </i>would be reduced to 16.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Tang V, Liu Z, Graham MR, Fet V, Kovařík F, Šťáhlavský F. Revision of the genus <i>Olivierus </i>in Xinjiang, China, with comments on Mesobuthus thersites (Scorpiones: Buthidae). <a href="https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2024/iss383/1/">Euscorpius. 2024;2024(383):1-58</a>. [Open Access]</p><p>Thanks to Victoria for informing me about the article and for sharing the illustration picture with us!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae</a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-63102615345408016492024-01-10T14:49:00.001+01:002024-01-10T14:49:53.169+01:00New scorpion taxa in 2023<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnPZffX5YHLh4-r5Sei-IXf5nVngbX_Oquo8PU8TUX5_lEYaVaWal95zYjaQrqotSHWOUm-PhH9Tg14KodOEOC-eg0pUbjopkLJxddZ2FVXPcFFJsSDj9QO0Ij88zSLNRrNRPYapboNJMMAnjsvReMQHmb4NLM7YjsvJZ-BZA16izp2AAbPmnsOMb/s891/arachnides112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="322" data-original-width="891" height="116" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmnPZffX5YHLh4-r5Sei-IXf5nVngbX_Oquo8PU8TUX5_lEYaVaWal95zYjaQrqotSHWOUm-PhH9Tg14KodOEOC-eg0pUbjopkLJxddZ2FVXPcFFJsSDj9QO0Ij88zSLNRrNRPYapboNJMMAnjsvReMQHmb4NLM7YjsvJZ-BZA16izp2AAbPmnsOMb/s320/arachnides112.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Gerard Dupre has published a list of all new scorpion taxa described in 2023. He has identified 57 new species and two species that has been re-validated to species status. The list includes only extant taxa.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pour l’année 2023, nous avons recensé 57 espèces nouvelles plus 2 espèces revalidées sans compter les fossiles. Sur un plan géographique ces nouvelles espèces sont réparties comme suit : Asie +29, Afrique +12, Amériques +11, Océanie +3 et Europe +3.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Dupre G. Nouveaux taxa de scorpions pour 2023. <a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/Arachnides%20112.pdf">Arachnides. 2024(112):1-26</a>. [Open Access]</p><p>Thanks to Gerard for sending me this article!<br /></p><p> <br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-33109411723608589172024-01-08T08:30:00.001+01:002024-01-08T08:30:24.272+01:00Rich Ayrey - RIP<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsHJyR9jzI4zWkHGyYG5aMESC0kHEMQNIWDxWqpa4bvyEYJoJOfPjYsKbkm-te6cimZHrmsMMk49qUtxJLsHOZDCPlWNfS1768GCU_paTc2zoRXYWKj2dU3Kbf1wGOXCR-_-_PdTNev986TAy0m6erXeGIlUgqPq117W6tqW8UtYQIym8AT3QKQUSG/s720/ayrey.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="524" data-original-width="720" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsHJyR9jzI4zWkHGyYG5aMESC0kHEMQNIWDxWqpa4bvyEYJoJOfPjYsKbkm-te6cimZHrmsMMk49qUtxJLsHOZDCPlWNfS1768GCU_paTc2zoRXYWKj2dU3Kbf1wGOXCR-_-_PdTNev986TAy0m6erXeGIlUgqPq117W6tqW8UtYQIym8AT3QKQUSG/s320/ayrey.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Yesterday I got the sad news from multiple postings on Facebook that Rich Ayrey is no longer among us. Most, if not all of us in the
scorpion community knew Rich. Either by personal communication or from
his many important contributions in the taxonomy of the family Vaejovidae from Arizona and California.</p><p>Around 2011 I had the first contact with Rich when he generously shared some pictures of rare <i>Vaejovis</i> species for me to use in The Scorpion Files. Later he was very helpful by sending me new articles that he had published. And he always added some nice and supportive comments in his emails which I <span class="equivalent" lang="en">appreciated very much.</span><span class="eng-oversettelse-text" style="font-style: italic;"></span></p><p>Rich will be missed by the scorpion comunity. </p><p>My thought are with Rich's family and friends.</p><p>RIP<br />
<br />
Jan Ove Rein<br />
Editor of The Scorpion Files <br /></p><p><b>Here is a list of scorpion articles authored by Rich that I have in my archive:</b></p><p>1. Ayrey RF. Sky Island Vaejovis: A new species (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2009(86):1-12.<br />2. Ayrey RF. Serradigitus miscionei (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae), a new species from southern Arizona. Euscorpius. 2011(111):1-13.<br />3. Ayrey RF. An anomaly of pectinal organs in Vaejovis lapidicola (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2011(130):1-6.<br />4. Ayrey RF. A New Vaejovis from the Mogollon Highlands of Northern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2012(148):1-13.<br />5. Ayrey RF. Reproduction and birth in the “Vorhiesi” group of the genus Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Part I. Clutch size. Euscorpius. 2013(166):1-15.<br />6. Ayrey RF. A new species of Vaejovis from the Mogollon Rim of northern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) Euscorpius. 2013(176):1-13.<br />7. Ayrey RF. A new species of Vaejovis from chaparral habitat near Yarnell, Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2014(188):1-13.<br />8. Ayrey RF. Pseudouroctonus peccatum Tate et al., 2013, Rediscovered. Euscorpius. 2016(214):1-5.<br />9. Ayrey RF. Serradigitus miscionei, the First Vaejovid Scorpion to Exhibit Parthenogenesis. Euscorpius. 2017(241):1-7.<br />10. Ayrey RF. A New Species of Vaejovis from the Patagonia Mountains, Southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2018(262):1-12.<br />11. Ayrey RF. A new species of Vaejovis from Mingus Mountain, northern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2020(303):1-13.<br />12. Ayrey RF, Jones LLC, Meyers B. A new species of Kochius from Avra Valley, southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2019(292):1-13.<br />13. Ayrey RF, Kovarik F, Myers BT. A new species of Pseudouroctonus from the Pinaleño Mountains, southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2021(338):1-12.<br />14. Ayrey RF, Myers B. A new “vorhiesi” group species of Vaejovis from the Galiuro Mountains, southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2019(284):1-14.<br />15. Ayrey RF, Myers BT. Description of the male of Wernerius mumai (Sissom, 1993) from western Arizona, with data on reproduction (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2020(317):1-17.<br />16. Ayrey RF, Soleglad ME. A new species of Vaejovis from Prescott, Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2011(114):1-15.<br />17. Ayrey RF, Soleglad ME. New Species of Vaejovis from the Santa Rita Mountains, Southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2014(183):1-13.<br />18. Ayrey RF, Soleglad ME. New species of Vaejovis from the Whetstone Mountains, southern Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2015(194):1-12.<br />19. Ayrey RF, Soleglad ME. New Analysis of the Genus Pseudouroctonus with the Description of Two New Species (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2015(211):1-53.<br />20. Ayrey RF, Soleglad ME. A New Species of the “apacheanus” Group of Genus Pseudouroctonus from Western Texas (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2017(237):1-23.<br />21. Ayrey RF, Webber MM. A new Vaejovis C.L. Koch, 1836, the second known vorhiesi group species from the Santa Catalina Mountains of Arizona (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae). ZooKeys. 2013(270):21-35.<br />22. Graham MR, Ayrey RF, Bryson Jr RW. Multivariate methods support the distinction of a new highland Vaejovis (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae) from the Sierra de los Ajos, Mexico. J Arachnol. 2012;40:281-90.<br />23. Myers B, Ayrey RF. Vaejovis lapidicola Stahnke, 1940: hemispermatophore and mating plug from a topotype male (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2020(299):1-7.<br />24. Myers B, Ayrey RF. A new species of Vaejovis from the Mule Mountains above Bisbee, Arizona (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2021(343):1-15.<br />25. Soleglad ME, Ayrey RF, Graham MR, Fet V. Catalinia, a new scorpion genus from southern California, USA and northern Baja California, Mexico (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2017(251):1-64.<br />26. Soleglad ME, Fet V, Graham MR, Ayrey RF. Graemeloweus, a New Scorpion Genus from Northern California, USA (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae). Euscorpius. 2016(227):1-38.<br /><br /><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-2699877485479957142024-01-04T14:55:00.003+01:002024-01-04T14:55:31.822+01:00A new species of Reddyanus from New Caledonia (France)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5hUgo6CzltTesQ59aSdFYUpTLl7oK_EN4gCQQGnNIg3RUmpnvlykInkyIg0t5xYtZgBP9ldiGLsKM2QKpaUxRJCqv6Pzn0OlPU5xccEpmb7fokRJqHXeIzOUtkSCrySxpPqU84h-W0OwZ81SIOU0idlvfZQljFEx8G-yR8LeFaoycIHEFEDaCHx0b/s1097/kanak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1097" data-original-width="763" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5hUgo6CzltTesQ59aSdFYUpTLl7oK_EN4gCQQGnNIg3RUmpnvlykInkyIg0t5xYtZgBP9ldiGLsKM2QKpaUxRJCqv6Pzn0OlPU5xccEpmb7fokRJqHXeIzOUtkSCrySxpPqU84h-W0OwZ81SIOU0idlvfZQljFEx8G-yR8LeFaoycIHEFEDaCHx0b/s320/kanak.jpg" width="223" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p> In a recent paper, Wilson Lourenco has described a new species in the genus <i>Reddyanus</i> Vachon, 1972 (Buthidae).<br /><br /> <i>Reddyanus kanak</i> Lourenco, 2023<br /><br /> In this paper Lourenco states that he doesn't accept the decision by <a href="http://scorpion-files.blogspot.com/2016/03/major-review-of-scorpions-of-sri-lanka.html">Kovarik et al. (2016) </a>to raise the subgenus <i>Reddyanus</i> Vachon, 1972 in <i>Isometrus </i>Ehrenberg, 1828 to genus status. Because of this, the new species is named <i>Isometrus (</i><i>Reddyanus</i>)<i> kanak</i> in the article.<br /><br />This decision is done in a short paragraph without any proper justification. Because of this, I have chosen not to accept and include this status change in The Scorpion Files. I have obtained some advice in this matter and also gotten information that there exist unpublished DNA results that support the decision by <a href="http://scorpion-files.blogspot.com/2016/03/major-review-of-scorpions-of-sri-lanka.html">Kovarik et al. in 2016</a>.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Some considerations are proposed on<i> Isometrus (Reddyanus) heimi</i> Vachon, 1976, species described from New Caledonia, in order to precisely clarify the status of the typical series used by M. Vachon for its description. A new species of <i>Isometrus</i> is also described from wet forests of New Caledonia, representing the third species of this genus recorded from the Island. The new species, similarly to <i>Isometrus (R.) heimi,</i> most certainly represents an endemic element to New Caledonia.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Lourenco WR. Nouvelles considérations sur <i>Isometrus</i> (<i>Reddyanus</i>) <i>heimi </i>Vachon, 1976 et description d’une deuxième espèce d’<i>Isometrus</i> pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie (Scorpiones : Buthidae). Revue Arachnologique. 2023;2(10):30-6.</p><p>Thanks to Gerard Dupre for sending me this article! <br /></p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-22787071579480933142024-01-03T12:46:00.002+01:002024-01-03T12:46:24.439+01:00A new species of Centruroides from Guanaja, Islas de la Bahía, Honduras<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7oU5LUaRNA3yNJgyYKp500G1h5-LhNKKapwUhb1-sg4JEMav6rs0s3aj2X1_OQLchdxHNkC2b-wmMD8QQE-vqXin31fwu-oQZkQ5ea9Z5i-EkTtNR6n46pxsJkkELSfukrQ5atbssBD0txYkRKqgEJt1nrLzi_mNiEXLoFZTGbo7is3V2o26EpnWy/s1275/terueli%20honduras.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="1275" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7oU5LUaRNA3yNJgyYKp500G1h5-LhNKKapwUhb1-sg4JEMav6rs0s3aj2X1_OQLchdxHNkC2b-wmMD8QQE-vqXin31fwu-oQZkQ5ea9Z5i-EkTtNR6n46pxsJkkELSfukrQ5atbssBD0txYkRKqgEJt1nrLzi_mNiEXLoFZTGbo7is3V2o26EpnWy/s320/terueli%20honduras.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Luis de Armas and Alex Cubas-Rodríguez have recently described a new species of <i>Centruroides</i> Marx, 1890 (Buthidae) from Guanaja, Islas de la Bahía, Honduras.</p><p><i>Centruroides terueli </i>de Armas & Cubas-Rodriguez, 2023</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species belonging to the species-group <i>Centruroides gracilis </i>is described from Guanaja Island, Islas de la Bahía, in the Honduran Caribbean, on the basis of an adult female. Because of its dorsal pattern it was misidentified as <i>C. caribbeanus </i>Teruel & Myers, 2017, from which it differs by having the metasomal segments more elongate, pedipalp hands with carinae more developed, sternites immaculate (profusely variegated with dark brown in <i>C. caribbeanus</i>) and a shorter aculeus. This is the third species of this genus recorded from the Islas de la Bahía archipelago and the second endemic scorpion known from the area.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />De Armas LF, Cubas-Rodriguez AM. Una especie nueva de <i>Centruroides </i>(Scorpiones: Buthidae) de Guanaja, Islas de la Bahia, Honduras. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376985454_UNA_ESPECIE_NUEVA_DE_CENTRUROIDES_SCORPIONES_BUTHIDAE_DE_GUANAJA_ISLAS_DE_LA_BAHIA_HONDURAS">Revista Iberica de Arachnologia. 2023(43):81-5</a>. [Full text available from author]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Alex Cubas-Rodríguez for sending me their article.</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-36205388641032615472024-01-02T13:35:00.000+01:002024-01-02T13:35:41.964+01:00A new species in the interesting genus Microbuthus from inland deserts of Mauritania<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhioseidEy5A2Bx-bzk_Ea8Qk_XkkT7KYAGyIUtZg9oLYWC_KR2Pt_TyLwZrGPjtQstezpQx2SID17EgEKUEHy3l0qFAuhQpb1HzJMdS368wkkWJV-5JPV3FNhFDZJGStdmexVCb8tfoWG-Pg4ZQHxkpGkedwe8JSFJKOdyp9lWdwJ-QAEI4HdWrZUM/s1061/microbuthus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="1061" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhioseidEy5A2Bx-bzk_Ea8Qk_XkkT7KYAGyIUtZg9oLYWC_KR2Pt_TyLwZrGPjtQstezpQx2SID17EgEKUEHy3l0qFAuhQpb1HzJMdS368wkkWJV-5JPV3FNhFDZJGStdmexVCb8tfoWG-Pg4ZQHxkpGkedwe8JSFJKOdyp9lWdwJ-QAEI4HdWrZUM/s320/microbuthus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><b>HAPPY NEW YEAR! </b><br /></p><p>Wilson Lourenco has recently published an article on the special genus <i>Microbuthus </i>Kraepelin, 1898 (Buthidae) with the description of a new species from from inland deserts of Mauritania.</p><p><i>Microbuthus saharicus</i> Lourenco, 2023</p><p>The article sums up most of the knowledge of the genus and also discusses the special biogeography of <i>Microbuthus</i>. </p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species, <i>Microbuthus saharicus </i>sp. n., is described from the inland deserts of Mauritania; it represents the first exception to the general coastal distribution observed in the species of this genus. With this new description, the total number of known species in Africa is increased to five. The disrupted peri-Saharan pattern of distribution presented by the group is however confirmed. Some comments are also added on the biogeography and ecology of the species.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Lourenco WR. The remarkable micro-scorpion genus Microbuthus Kraepelin, 1898 in North Africa; description of a new species with comments on its biogeography and ecology (Scorpiones: Buthidae). <a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/n8eng7m6613zbgb/-Serket_20%25281%2529_1-10_Microbuthus_saharicus_sp._n._from_Mauritania.pdf/file">Serket. 2023;20(1):1-10</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Gerard Dupre for sending me this article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-89061797343173021272023-12-21T12:21:00.002+01:002023-12-21T12:21:14.551+01:00Early Devonian scorpions also had pectines<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRybv_dzE8tHqh77bm76ZdC6G0ONYkGPMf5F_HxqDEZ1TKkAyu81v-okgBjzsG-mYvCMGO9xPbfowLQiQKo583TxiULAXmlma0w0nlcUM8aH14nnEgmj5H8rW3w0GVmVjSOaEZO8YifHe79y9LWyzsJSihuESVA30qfWEth3ePxjB9oVpEFXFtrEfb/s937/pectinal%20tooth%20old.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="937" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRybv_dzE8tHqh77bm76ZdC6G0ONYkGPMf5F_HxqDEZ1TKkAyu81v-okgBjzsG-mYvCMGO9xPbfowLQiQKo583TxiULAXmlma0w0nlcUM8aH14nnEgmj5H8rW3w0GVmVjSOaEZO8YifHe79y9LWyzsJSihuESVA30qfWEth3ePxjB9oVpEFXFtrEfb/s320/pectinal%20tooth%20old.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Pectines are one of the body structures that are unique for scorpions. This comb-like structure is found on the underside of the opisthosoma of scorpions and is a sensory organ for detecting both chemical and mechanical stimuli. </p><p>In a recent short note, Jason Dunlop and co-workers report about a cuticle fragment from a pectinal tooth from a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Devonian">Early Devonian </a>scorpion. This fossil indicates that some scorpions had developed anatomically modern pectinal teeth at least 395 million years ago and that they probably had a similar function as the pectines in today's scorpions.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A cuticle fragment found in an Early Devonian (Emsian) macerate from the Strathpeffer–Struie outlier in the Northern Highlands of Scotland represents the isolated pectinal tooth of a scorpion. This remarkable find includes a distinctive field of small projections in rounded sockets consistent with the peg sensilla of extant scorpions. This is the oldest evidence for the presence of these characteristic sensory organs, which in modern scorpions play an important role in chemo- and mechanoreception. The fossil indicates that some scorpions had developed anatomically modern pectinal teeth at least 395 million years ago, suggesting that the pectines of these early scorpions played a similar role, physiologically and behaviorally, to those of living species.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Dunlop JA, Wellman CH, Prendini L, Shear WA. A pectinal tooth with peg sensilla from an Early Devonian scorpion. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-22-024">The Journal of Arachnology. 2023;51(3):255-7, 3</a>. [Subscription required for full text]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Matt Simon for informing me about this article!<br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-63937010215391268722023-12-21T10:03:00.003+01:002023-12-21T10:03:21.011+01:00Venom of two scorpion species can be used in developing drugs against the tropical disease Leishmaniasis<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmOAUg1zmybqeoc5CLATD401Ntt95pgfgrXV3gB1uWx_ldTdH4k0WiXr-WUIoJD67k6LANACGLZ0JYaSIggGPlouNH5Rj436j4ULZSj2xwKbxT7mmG8Ew8ItPR9GVF66k3GkFK60J7pEahyphenhyphenza0qCrH9cG6W5wah1nLarp56RKtpPa5dDfMPoDJ7wu/s1582/leishmaniasis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="902" data-original-width="1582" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdmOAUg1zmybqeoc5CLATD401Ntt95pgfgrXV3gB1uWx_ldTdH4k0WiXr-WUIoJD67k6LANACGLZ0JYaSIggGPlouNH5Rj436j4ULZSj2xwKbxT7mmG8Ew8ItPR9GVF66k3GkFK60J7pEahyphenhyphenza0qCrH9cG6W5wah1nLarp56RKtpPa5dDfMPoDJ7wu/s320/leishmaniasis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Scorpions and their venom is a goldmine when it comes to finding molecules and toxins that can be used to develop medicines and other useful products for humans. One of the most known examples is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorotoxin">Chlorotoxin</a>, a peptid found in the venom of <i>Leiurus quinquestriatus</i> (Ehrenberg, 1828) (Buthidae), which has been used in the development of methods for the treatment and diagnosis of several types of cancer. There is a huge amount of research on scorpion venom going on these days.</p><p>D. B. Pereiraa and co-workers recently published a study where they showed that the venoms of <i>Brotheas amazonicus</i> Lourenço, 1988 (Chactidae) and <i>Tityus metuendus</i> Pocock, 1897 (Buthidae) can be used in the fight against the tropical disease <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmaniasis">Leishmaniasis </a>(a zonosis caused by parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus <i>Leishmania</i>). The authors hope that components in the venom can be used in the development of new drugs against this serious tropical disease.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Leishmaniasis is a vector-transmitted zoonosis caused by different species of the genus <i>Leishmania</i>, with a wide clinical spectrum. It is a public health problem aggravated by a series of limitations regarding treatment. In the search for new therapeutic alternatives, scorpion venoms are a source of multifunctional molecules that act against the natural resistance of pathogens. This work evaluated the antileishmanial potential of <i>Brotheas amazonicus</i> and <i>Tityus metuendus</i> venoms against the promastigote forms of<i> Leishmania amazonensis</i> e <i>Leishmania guyanensis</i>. The venoms of <i>B. amazonicus</i> and <i>T. metuendus </i>were evaluated for their constituents using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Growth inhibition and death of promastigotes were evaluated in the presence of diferente crude venom concentrations (100 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL) after one hour of incubation at 25 °C. The FTIR spectra of both venoms exhibited bands in approximate regions, revealing that both exhibit similar functional groups. Crude venom from both scorpion species showed similar or superior leishmanicidal effects to the standart drug N-methylglucamine antimoniate. At the highest concentration of 100 μg/mL, cultures of <i>L. guyanensis </i>treated with the venom of <i>B. amazonicus </i>showed the highest mortality percentages, above 28%, while <i>T. metuendus</i> venom showed the highest activity against <i>L. amazonensis,</i> with mortality above 7%. This preliminar study demonstrates that <i>B. amazonicus</i> and<i> T. metuendus</i> venoms can be important tools in the search for new drugs Against leishmaniasis. Next step involves evaluating the activity against the amastigote forms and purifying the venom proteins in order to identify the best anti-leishmania candidates.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Pereira D, Martins J, Oliveira M, Lima-Júnior R, Rocha L, Andrade S, Procópio R. Leishmanicidal activity of the venoms of the Scorpions Brotheas amazonicus and Tityus metuendus. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.276872">Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2023;83:e276872</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Jonas Martin for sending me their article!<br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-5063691966726257752023-12-19T14:53:00.003+01:002023-12-19T14:53:25.371+01:00Detailed morphology description and images of the medical important scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaey765AsLGakk4lrYAEvc1pv8mAqb3mWkRl2aIn4Tr1aZgPF9LIruQAYn2Zp2UbRfE7uU9XbYv4vGJLkFedWe-fLR1kXR-6Oy0aoH9lEL8Y6rrv1aqUr0IyQXxUsHJu3M_3xcKXxzxJ85Qlx0odMU5252rDJtz7PARpPQb_J56a0kCPNaXbYbreCN/s963/lepturus%20morphology.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="963" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaey765AsLGakk4lrYAEvc1pv8mAqb3mWkRl2aIn4Tr1aZgPF9LIruQAYn2Zp2UbRfE7uU9XbYv4vGJLkFedWe-fLR1kXR-6Oy0aoH9lEL8Y6rrv1aqUr0IyQXxUsHJu3M_3xcKXxzxJ85Qlx0odMU5252rDJtz7PARpPQb_J56a0kCPNaXbYbreCN/s320/lepturus%20morphology.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Fenik Sherzad Hussen and co-workers recently published a study with a detailed description of the morphology of <i>Hemiscorpius lepturus</i> Peters, 1861 (Hemiscorpiidae). The article also includes detailed morphological images taken by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). </p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Hemiscorpius lepturus </i>Peters, 1861 is redefined in both sexes. The detailed external morphologies of chelae, pectinal organs, chelicerae, telsons, and legs I–IV were surveyed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in both sexes of <i>H. lepturus</i> for the first time. The constellation arrays, batlike shaped peg sensilla, trichobothria, and the other sensillar and epicuticular structures were described, and their functional morphologies were interpreted considering the species’ habitat and other climatic preferences. The constellation arrays, basiconic sensilla, function as a chemoreceptor (hygro-reception or/and thermo-reception) by its location on the pedipalp in the habitat. The shape of the peg sensilla is remarkably bat-like in both sexes and this shape has not been observed or recorded in any scorpion species, functioning as mechanoreception and contact chemoreception. There are three slit sensilla as single slit, dual and triple slit sensilla on I–IV walking legs, being mechanoreceptors as proprioceptors detecting strain and substrate vibrations during movement. Isolated single slit sensillum was recorded on the chelicerae surface of a scorpion species for the first time.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Hussen FS, Erdek M, Yagmur EA. External morphology of <i>Hemiscorpius lepturus</i> Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Hemiscorpiidae). <a href="https://kmkjournals.com/journals/AS/AS_Index_Volumes/AS_32/AS_32_4_419_437">Arthropoda Selecta. 2023;32(4):419-37</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Ersen for sending me their article!<br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-54949865610844530572023-12-18T14:32:00.004+01:002023-12-18T14:32:54.749+01:00A review of teratological abnormalities in scorpions<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwTJXMGOhByCSMmm3abqD-qmTyJL7gPJG9td3Yc7vpGatM2ai-4vcxa7QZ-mk1S4pYzRMS-NqBddLvzgoUy6ZMeIc30uT6s-kWwOGe0rJFxw0AHewafLoLUXUohHwMtF084aX0RZsV0gfrbY3Op0Rc8oC-vhIOM70rUwLyQCLpSmoNBgu3EJZAQEv9/s1032/teratology.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1032" data-original-width="1022" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwTJXMGOhByCSMmm3abqD-qmTyJL7gPJG9td3Yc7vpGatM2ai-4vcxa7QZ-mk1S4pYzRMS-NqBddLvzgoUy6ZMeIc30uT6s-kWwOGe0rJFxw0AHewafLoLUXUohHwMtF084aX0RZsV0gfrbY3Op0Rc8oC-vhIOM70rUwLyQCLpSmoNBgu3EJZAQEv9/s320/teratology.jpg" width="317" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Teratology is the study of physiological development abnormalities of in organisms during their life span (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratology">Wikipedia, 2023</a>). Teratological abnormalities in scorpions are known to occur in most families, involving many different body parts. </p><p>Danniella Sherwood and Luis F. de Armas have recently published several new teratological findings and also a review of the literature on morphological anomalies in scorpions.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Whilst undertaking curation in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London, the senior author came across a jar of scorpions marked ‘scorpions with curled feet’. Further investigation showed this jar was full of scorpions with teratological anatomy. We hereby document and illustrate all of the specimens and discuss their respective anomalies. Furthermore, a comprehensive checklist of the literature on anomalies in scorpions, including giving the life stage and sex where known, is compiled for the benefit of future workers.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Sherwood D, de Armas LF. On some teratological scorpions in the Natural History Museum, London and checklist of the scorpiological literature on morphological anomalies (Arachnida: Scorpiones). <a href="https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2023/iss381/1/">Euscorpius. 2023;2023(381):1-20</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Danniella for informing me about their new article!<br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-2054674287751628702023-12-14T14:43:00.003+01:002023-12-14T14:43:36.238+01:00Venom composition in the medical important scorpion Leiurus abdullahbayrami from The Middle East<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2-iwgksLDF7zJAzdZX3Kg__556hb_ef_1lPOUDTdTN6PMZML2p1T9aeEoXmSIODASCXA77G0vpQ_ga3XdFn5rV_EndHn-Lyax2dXSHWST023R_NkRnmaUT49xKBaSg9JY6e9Uuxwj2sc3cMma-XR3DLkc9sG9GEmqtLQBnHr6PsSWexKcS_1ShUuT/s1378/venom%20abdullahbayrami.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="1378" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2-iwgksLDF7zJAzdZX3Kg__556hb_ef_1lPOUDTdTN6PMZML2p1T9aeEoXmSIODASCXA77G0vpQ_ga3XdFn5rV_EndHn-Lyax2dXSHWST023R_NkRnmaUT49xKBaSg9JY6e9Uuxwj2sc3cMma-XR3DLkc9sG9GEmqtLQBnHr6PsSWexKcS_1ShUuT/w366-h175/venom%20abdullahbayrami.jpg" width="366" /></a></div><br />The 23 species in the genus <i>Leiurus </i>Ehrenberg, 1828 (Buthidae) have the most potent venom of all scorpions and posing a medical threat to humans in their area of distribution. Knowledge of the venom composition and potency of the different species is important for correct treatment and the use of antivenom.<p></p><p>Adolfo Borges and Bruno Lomonte have recently published a study of the venom composition of <i>Leiurus abdullahbayrami</i> Yagmur, Koc & Kunt, 2009, distributed in Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon. This species have been involved in serious envenomations and this study confirms the potency of its venom. </p><p>The study also found that the venom composition in <i>Leiurus abdullahbayrami </i>and other species vary and more research on this potential interspecific variation is necessary to decide whether a species-specific antivenom is necessary for sting cases involving this species.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">The scorpion <i>Leiurus abdullahbayrami</i> has been associated with severe/lethal envenomings throughout the Levant region of the Middle East, encompassing Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon, and only scarce information is available on its venom composition, activity, and antigenicity. We report on the composition of <i>L. abdullahbayrami</i> venom collected from Lebanese specimens using nESI-MS/MS, MALDI-TOF MS, SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Venom lethality, through LD50 determination in mice (intraperitoneal), was also assessed (0.75 (0.16–1.09) mg/kg), confirming L.abdullahbayrami venom vertebrate toxicity. Fifty-four peaks were detected using RP-HPLC, half of which eluted in the gradient region between 20 and 40% acetonitrile. In reducing SDS-PAGE, most predominant components were <10 kDa, with minor components at higher molecular masses of 24.4, 43.1, and 48.9 kDa. Venom mass fingerprint by MALDI-TOF detected 21 components within the 1000–12,000 m/z range. Whole venom ‘shotgun’ bottom-up nLC-MS/MS approach, combined with in-gel tryptic digestion of SDS-PAGE bands, identified at least 113 different components belonging to 15 venom families and uncharacterized proteins, with ion channel-active components (K+ channel toxins (28); Na+ channel toxins (42); Cl channel toxins (4); Ca+ toxins (2)) being predominant. A single match for a <i>L. adbullahbayrami </i>NaTx was found in the UniProt database with other congeneric species, toxin h3.1 from <i>Leiurus hebraeus</i>, suggesting this might be an indication of venom divergence within <i>Leiurus</i>, eventhough this warrants further investigation involving venom proteomics and transcriptomics of relevant species. Considering such potential interspecific venom variation, future work should address whether preparation of a specific anti-<i>L. abdullahbayrami </i>antivenom is justified.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Borges A, Lomonte B. Venomics of <i>Leiurus abdullahbayrami</i>, the most lethal scorpion in the Levant region of the Middle East. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107548">Toxicon. 2024;237:107548</a>. [Subscription required for full text]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Luis A. Roque for informing me about this article!<br /></p><p><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-28927614485702130792023-12-12T15:54:00.003+01:002023-12-18T14:06:48.693+01:00A new study of the Isometrus in India with a description of five new species<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEsog87XISz0meY6LRp7HSxpOI0G5daqOrsVGMOWEOGV-q_BCPOfxpSTTG1I1iROxuo5ZFVW9MsxX10t-doulU16ECvdgj9xvOrNyxzuB4jyvmIRa7sidrcKiQ9xiclhyHZ5BORZPhCuT_QQ9EVhIDs7GDiSE69nIu0UJtTmdsED5w6vZSml5ufU2H/s842/isometrus.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="606" data-original-width="842" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEsog87XISz0meY6LRp7HSxpOI0G5daqOrsVGMOWEOGV-q_BCPOfxpSTTG1I1iROxuo5ZFVW9MsxX10t-doulU16ECvdgj9xvOrNyxzuB4jyvmIRa7sidrcKiQ9xiclhyHZ5BORZPhCuT_QQ9EVhIDs7GDiSE69nIu0UJtTmdsED5w6vZSml5ufU2H/s320/isometrus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Shubhankar Deshpande and co-workers have recently published a major study of the <i>Isometrus </i>Ehrenberg,
1828 (Buthidae) in India. Five new species are described from the southern parts of the country.</p><p><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">NB! The Year for these was corrected 18.12.23 to 2024 as the article is labeled 2024. Thanks to Gerard Dupre for noticing!</span></b><br /></p><p><i> Isometrus adviteeya</i> Deshpande, Gowande, Dandekar, Joshi, Bastawade & Sulakhe, 2024<br /><br /><i>Isometrus anamalaiensis</i> Deshpande, Gowande, Dandekar, Joshi, Bastawade & Sulakhe, 2024<br /><br /><i>Isometrus lithophilis</i> Deshpande, Gowande, Dandekar, Joshi, Bastawade & Sulakhe, 2024<br /><br /><i>Isometrus palan</i>i Deshpande, Gowande, Dandekar, Joshi, Bastawade & Sulakhe, 2024<br /><br /><i>Isometrus thenmala</i> Deshpande, Gowande, Dandekar, Joshi, Bastawade & Sulakhe, 2024</p><p>In addition, the following taxonomical changes have been made:</p><p><i>Odontobuthus atherii</i> (Amir & Kamaluddin, 2008) (New combination). Previsously in the genus <i>Reddyanus</i> Vachon, 1972.</p><p><i>Odontobuthus liaqatii </i>(Amir & Kamaluddin, 2008) (New combination). Previsously in the genus <i>Isometrus </i>Ehrenberg,
1828.</p><p><i>Isometrus formosus</i> Pocock, 1893 is declared as <i>nomen dubium</i>.</p><p>The article has an indedification key for the genus in India and also descriptions and habitat information and pictures.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Western and Eastern Ghats of the Peninsular India are known for their high biological diversity, which is shaped due to various geological barriers and environmental parameters. Scorpion diversity in Peninsular India remains poorly known thereby warranting a need to undertake rigorous arachnological surveys. In our continued effort to discover scorpion lineages hitherto unknown to science, we describe five new species of the genus <i>Isometrus</i> Ehrenberg, 1828 which were obtained from southern India, and discuss morphological, molecular and ecological discordance within this genus. The validity of <i>Reddyanus atherii </i>Amir and Kamaluddin, 2008,<i> Isometrus liaqatii </i>Amir and Kamaluddin, 2008 and <i>Isometrus formosus</i> Pocock, 1894 is also commented upon, with implications to propose taxonomic changes within the genus.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Deshpande S, Gowande G, Dandekar N, Joshi M, Bastawade D, Sulakhe S. A baffling case of morphological, molecular and ecological discordance in Isometrus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with the description of five new species from southern India. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.11.001">Zoologischer Anzeiger. 2024;308:71-98</a>. [Subscription required for full text]<br /></p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae</a><br /><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-25193218976491075532023-12-06T13:18:00.000+01:002023-12-06T13:18:45.199+01:00Scorpion assemblages in threatened Brazilian forests<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIU3Lp4cXnyp2RSdR-cbJPE9Kx8Cdiupn6apVIWVSdrA2wlvAkAvwnEqDR24YtTD7U9DtwNI_DP3vUF-EitSJUAti9EMY8yMTFH447qmcda0uLzQEiUMCOAbCK6mjHkZtXg4NPByt4D6JK_-A8z-0AZR92oTqDiF2hjcDpAT7rGS-HCRzegq37pNdV/s1345/lira%202023.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="980" data-original-width="1345" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIU3Lp4cXnyp2RSdR-cbJPE9Kx8Cdiupn6apVIWVSdrA2wlvAkAvwnEqDR24YtTD7U9DtwNI_DP3vUF-EitSJUAti9EMY8yMTFH447qmcda0uLzQEiUMCOAbCK6mjHkZtXg4NPByt4D6JK_-A8z-0AZR92oTqDiF2hjcDpAT7rGS-HCRzegq37pNdV/s320/lira%202023.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p>Understanding the scorpion biodiversity, distribution, species composition in time and space between and within habitats is important, especially in a time were many scorpion habitats and ecosystems are threatened, both by human impact and climate changes. </p><p>André Lira and co-workers have recently published a study on the role of environmental factors in explaining beta-diversity patterns in threatened Brazilian forests. André (personal communication) kindly explained to me what bet-diversity is: "<i>Basically, beta diversity addresses the change in species composition between one place and another. In my article, I used two components of beta diversity, species replacement and differences in species richness, each of which gives an answer about how the composition of a given community is structured.</i>"</p><p>The main conclusion of the study is that the scorpion species composition does not vary in a consistent way between different forest types investigated. See abstract and article for more details.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">1. A systematic understanding of the variation in species composition across time and space is urgently needed to protect threatened Brazilian forests.<br /><br />2. This study has disentangled the among-site variation in beta diversity among scorpion assemblages from the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. We calculated the relative contribution of species replacement and differences in species richness in explaining the beta diversity in each forest, correlating such metrics with environmental characteristics. Finally, we estimated the relative site-specific contribution to identify potential environmental drivers determining unique combinations of species composition.<br /><br />3. The average among-site dissimilarity in scorpion assemblages was higher in the Caatinga than that in the Atlantic Forest. The differences in species composition among Caatinga sites were mainly due to the spatial replacement of species. Differences in species richness at the local scale explained most of the variation in species composition among Atlantic Forest sites.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-small;">4. Environmental variables related to topography and land use partially explained the variation in among-site dissimilarity, species replacement, differences in species richness and the ecological uniqueness in terms of species composition in the Caatinga. Environmental variables describing topography and land use were also important in explaining differences in species richness and local contributions to the beta diversity among Atlantic Forest sites. The relative site-specific contribution to beta diversity was higher in Caatinga sites located in ecotonal zones and Atlantic Forest sites situated within conservation reserves.<br /><br />5. Using scorpions as biological models, we have demonstrated that the species composition does not vary in a consistent way between different forest types.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />de Araujo Lira AF, de Moura GJB, Foerster SÍA. Scorpion assemblages in threatened Brazilian forests: The role of environmental factors in explaining beta‐diversity patterns.<a href=" https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12699"> Insect Conservation and Diversity. 2023;First published 15 November 2023</a>. [Sunscription required for full text]<br /></p><p>Thanks to André for sending me their article and updating my ecology knowledge.</p><p><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-14441354898603996762023-12-04T13:53:00.002+01:002023-12-04T13:53:20.298+01:00A new species of Paruroctonus Werner, 1934 from California’s San Joaquin Valley, USA<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh11_h9fbqv8Q6xivYzO19dmvZXuYZYVHGv8-bKSbsFijQOrLRQaOlpyam2FcGl_hMKJjx9jtrJVwd0NEMby1SX0KiHjs7DEZ1e32MmGOnknu5yoN_xXgsVKWV6bP62dN5SnkFA6JHpgQ-nGBeOULxWY5XCAa_M-rSHqNBMseTFCRcfLnt0WV9JSGwL/s822/tulare.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="727" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh11_h9fbqv8Q6xivYzO19dmvZXuYZYVHGv8-bKSbsFijQOrLRQaOlpyam2FcGl_hMKJjx9jtrJVwd0NEMby1SX0KiHjs7DEZ1e32MmGOnknu5yoN_xXgsVKWV6bP62dN5SnkFA6JHpgQ-nGBeOULxWY5XCAa_M-rSHqNBMseTFCRcfLnt0WV9JSGwL/s320/tulare.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Prakrit Jain and co-workers recently described a new species of <i>Paruroctonus </i>Werner, 1934 (Vaejovidae) from lowland, alkali-sink habitats in the Tulare Basin in California, USA.</p><p><i>Paruroctonus tulare</i> Jain, Forbes, Gorneau & Esposito, 2023</p><p>The article provides detailed information about morphology, distribution, ecology and conservational status. Regarding the latter, this species inhabits a specialized habitat and its status is probably impacted by human activities like land conversion for agriculture and urban development. In addition, invasive European grasses seem to negatively impact on the species distribution and numbers.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Herein a new species of <i>Paruroctonus</i> Werner, 1934 is described from alkali-sink habitats in the San Joaquin Desert of central California, <i>Paruroctonus tulare </i>sp. nov. It can be differentiated from other <i>Paruroctonus </i>by a combination of morphological features including scalloped pedipalp fingers in males, specific setal counts and morphometric ratios, and specific patterns of fuscous pigmentation. It also inhabits a unique distribution allopatric with all other <i>Paruroctonus</i> species except <i>P. variabilis </i>Hjelle, 1982. Photographs of a large series of live <i>P. tulare</i> sp. nov. from across their range and detailed images of several morphological features are provided, their distribution is modeled, a haplotype network is presented, and details about their habitat, ecology, and conservation are discussed.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Jain P, Forbes H, Gorneau JA, Esposito LA. A new species of alkali-sink <i>Paruroctonus</i> Werner, 1934 (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae) from California’s San Joaquin Valley. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1185.103574">ZooKeys. 2023(1185):199-239</a>.<span> [Open Access]</span><br /></p><p>Thanks to Matt Simon for informing me about the new species.</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/vaejovidae.php">Family Vaejovidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-71308541864934843322023-11-23T14:43:00.000+01:002023-11-23T14:43:17.575+01:00A new species of Hadruroides from Peru<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlNDxbOFh6OYZhyphenhyphenWlo5GtlkIlyzFtTSpQCQrP084gt6kigcrQzFsYPDrTT54wCok4YDIPfxsZgccAjvRU8Q8mkGFKMNTImKef-dJ-TUJbcQ6RlHJUNN7yQ9MJvwN0bDsEo77ZsDxCPS9RRk9sQ5citBYl6jGcy-ZXyxFiDtfHX536ji5mBzJg__i3A/s689/apu.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="618" data-original-width="689" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlNDxbOFh6OYZhyphenhyphenWlo5GtlkIlyzFtTSpQCQrP084gt6kigcrQzFsYPDrTT54wCok4YDIPfxsZgccAjvRU8Q8mkGFKMNTImKef-dJ-TUJbcQ6RlHJUNN7yQ9MJvwN0bDsEo77ZsDxCPS9RRk9sQ5citBYl6jGcy-ZXyxFiDtfHX536ji5mBzJg__i3A/s320/apu.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Eric Ythier and Wilson Lourenco have recently described a new species of <i>Hadruroides</i> Pocock, 1893 (Caraboctonidae) from Southern Peru.</p><p><i>Hadruroides apu </i>Ythier & Lourenco, 2023</p><p>The new species has been collected at an impressive elevation of 3,317 m.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species belonging to the genus <i>Hadruroides</i> Pocock, 1893 (family Caraboctonidae Kraepelin, 1905) is described on the basis of specimens collected in Apurimac region in Southern Peru.<i> H.</i> (<i>Lourencoides</i>) <i>apu</i> sp. n. appears to be related to <i>H</i>. (<i>L.</i>) <i>mauryi </i>Francke & Soleglad, 1980 and <i>H.</i> (<i>L.</i>) <i>bustamantei </i>Ochoa & Chaparro, 2008 but can be distinguished notably by a smaller size, different pigmentation pattern, reduced granulation, lower pectinal tooth count, metasoma with only the first segment wider than long and pedipalp chela slenderer in male and broader in female with fixed finger straight without proximal gap between fingers in both sexes. This new taxon represents the 18th known species of the genus <i>Hadruroides</i> reported from Peru and the 23rd species of the subgenus <i>Lourencoides</i> Rossi, 2014. The total number of <i>Hadruroides </i>species is now raised to 25.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Ythier E, Lourenco WR. A new species of <i>Hadruroides</i> Pocock, 1893 from Peru (Scorpiones: Caraboctonidae). <a href="1 https://doi.org/10.57800/faunitaxys-11(76)">Faunitaxys. 2023;11(76):1-7</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Eric for informing me about their new article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/caraboctonidae.php">Family Caraboctonidae </a><br /></p><p><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-72178543260492843842023-11-20T13:55:00.004+01:002023-11-20T13:55:48.944+01:00A new, black species in the medical important genus Leiurus from Saudi Arabia<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRRx-TedLql4KGl8i86j-1fWeDNpXpLabPTB2OCZkSn4HwGP8YXnM17bAEXWyYZ4grjXfMPMWHV5HyHSCrxxM-AL9K3PeFqYnOT4VFlP_sTLhCN0NAPiqZe-gM6QpkN5Nz1PqxhoRFEk7La4GX-v03RHDSTZzG71B3hVM2qrOEa79plCVEBqpBfb3N/s1136/nigellus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1068" data-original-width="1136" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRRx-TedLql4KGl8i86j-1fWeDNpXpLabPTB2OCZkSn4HwGP8YXnM17bAEXWyYZ4grjXfMPMWHV5HyHSCrxxM-AL9K3PeFqYnOT4VFlP_sTLhCN0NAPiqZe-gM6QpkN5Nz1PqxhoRFEk7La4GX-v03RHDSTZzG71B3hVM2qrOEa79plCVEBqpBfb3N/s320/nigellus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Most species in the genus <i>Leiurus </i>Ehrenberg, 1828 (Buthidae) are yellowish and quite pale, but in 2002 Lourenco and co-workers quite sensationally described an all black species, <em>L. jordanensis</em> Lourenço, Modry & Amr, 2002. After this, one more dark colored species has been described, <i>Leiurus ater</i> Lourenço, 2019.</p><p>Bassam Abu Afifeh and co-workers have now described another blackish species in the genus <i>Leiurus </i>from Saudi Arabia.</p><p><i>Leiurus nigellus</i> Abu Afifeh, Aloufi & Al-Saraireh, 2023</p><p>This species is probably of medical importance. <br /></p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new remarkable buthid scorpion, <i>Leiurus nigellus </i>sp. nov., was discovered in Al Ula Governorate, north of Al Madinah Al Monawwarah Province, Saudi Arabia. The new species is described, fully illustrated, and compared with other species of the genus <i>Leiurus</i> reported from the Arabian Peninsula. Notes on its habitats are provided.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Afifeh BA, Aloufi A, Al-Saraireh M, Badry A, Al-Qahtni AH, Amr ZS. A new remarkable species of Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Saudi Arabia (Scorpiones: Buthidae). <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.69.9">Ecol Mont. 2023(69):91-106</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Victora Tang for informing me about this article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae </a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-67769986912198843352023-11-20T10:21:00.002+01:002023-11-20T10:21:30.672+01:00A new species of Androctonus from Iraq<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL9QZBjGkUKSJYpBB0XSgF5jppS75LrLOJArw5kjpKlCXFbrtpm5YWvdwKIWDAG0Zj2qicpN9wwd6YMY82sbofZrTx2kiG8ZbfBwIr2vwzvsMdcuh2ziNQaP7XGJg6SPZv9-Djg0D0eRGi605-rg_JS-jLTvrgJmrkWXKdL9JsBV01C9Fe5T9VK-9L/s997/sumericus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="997" data-original-width="923" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL9QZBjGkUKSJYpBB0XSgF5jppS75LrLOJArw5kjpKlCXFbrtpm5YWvdwKIWDAG0Zj2qicpN9wwd6YMY82sbofZrTx2kiG8ZbfBwIr2vwzvsMdcuh2ziNQaP7XGJg6SPZv9-Djg0D0eRGi605-rg_JS-jLTvrgJmrkWXKdL9JsBV01C9Fe5T9VK-9L/s320/sumericus.jpg" width="296" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Azhar Mohammed Al-Khazali and Ersen Aydın Yağmur just published an article presenting a new species of <i>Androctonus </i>Ehrenberg, 1828 (Buthidae) from the Dhi Qar Province in Iraq. </p><p><i>Androctonus sumericus </i>Al-Khazali & Yagmur, 2023</p><p>We have to assume that the new species is medical important as its relative <i>A. crassicauda </i>(Olivier, 1807).</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species <i>Androctonus sumericus </i>sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Dhi Qar Province of Iraq, based on the material previously misidentified as <i>A. crassicauda</i> (Olivier, 1807). Therefore, the new species were compared particularly with that species, as well as with all species of <i>Androctonus</i> distributed in the Middle East, using their published descriptions.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Al-Khazali AM, Yagmur EA. <i>Androctonus sumericus </i>sp. nov., a new scorpion from Dhi Qar Province, Iraq (Scorpiones: Buthidae).<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2023.2284016"> Zoology in the Middle East. 2023;Published Online 17.11.23</a>. [Subscription required for full text]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Ersen for sending me their new article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/buthidae.php">Family Buthidae </a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-62712147993593411632023-11-17T14:53:00.000+01:002023-11-17T14:53:26.656+01:00A major work on the scorpion fauna of Papua New Guinea with the descritpion of 16 new species in the genus Hormurus<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfDp_mrsi2jOVB9iR-evn2Fw0D1c4AUzXQp6osBiy1XTdB9oQZM70xlaedS3dvUzv9yJwFOXbVdqD2h6KUo-NCKZQtHIJaPUx-gka5DR-kj-w6_74arkr9TEKMwqK1RIx1oa1jvIUum3ZfTkbQbKKwbEbFVA9WOYYIHqk1CsXAB_-Qod-idpYs5PJc/s1092/barai.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1092" data-original-width="755" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfDp_mrsi2jOVB9iR-evn2Fw0D1c4AUzXQp6osBiy1XTdB9oQZM70xlaedS3dvUzv9yJwFOXbVdqD2h6KUo-NCKZQtHIJaPUx-gka5DR-kj-w6_74arkr9TEKMwqK1RIx1oa1jvIUum3ZfTkbQbKKwbEbFVA9WOYYIHqk1CsXAB_-Qod-idpYs5PJc/s320/barai.jpg" width="221" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Papua New Guinea is a large island in the Pacific and a treasure chest when it comes to biodiversity. The scorpion fauna of the island is not well known. In an extensive study, Lionel Monod and his research group studied the scorpions in the family Hormuridae in Paua New Guinea and 16 new species in the genus <i>Hormurus </i>Thorell, 1876 are described. </p><p><em>Hormurus ancylolobus</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br /><em>Hormurus </em><em>araiaspathe</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus </em><em>barai</em> Monod, Iova & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> cameroni</em> Monod, Austin & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> hypseloscolus</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> krausi</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> maiwa</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> menapi</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> muyua</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> oyatabu</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> oyawaka</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> sibonai</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> slapcinskyi</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> sporacanthophorus</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> tagula</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023<br />
<em>Hormurus</em><em> yela</em> Monod & Prendini, 2023</p><p><em>Hormurus papuanus </em>Kraepelin, 1914 is redescribed. This species was not previously listed in The Scorpion Files and is now added to the species list.</p><p>See abstract or article for further details about this study.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">New Guinea is the largest Pacific island, and the world’s second largest, with a land area of about 785,000 km². Located north of Australia, the island was gradually shaped since the Eocene by the geologically recent sequential accretion of several island arc systems onto the northern part of the Australian Craton. This complex geological history has resulted in a tremendous biological diversity with high rates of endemism. On the other hand, the rugged mountainous landscape and lack of infrastructure has hampered scientific research in the country and for the most part Papuan biotas remain thus far only superficially known. This is the case for scorpions of the genus <i>Hormurus</i> Thorell, 1876 (Hormuridae Laurie, 1896; Scorpiones C. L. Koch, 1837). Although they are the dominant scorpion group in Wallacea and Melanesia, only two species are currently recognized from New Guinea and its adjacent islands. A thorough revisionary study of the <i>Hormurus </i>material present in the scientific collections of various museums and of a large series of specimens more recently collected led to the discovery of 16 new species, i.e. <i>Hormurus ancylolobus</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus araiaspathe</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus barai</i> Monod, Iova & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus cameroni</i> Monod, Austin & Prendini, sp. nov.<i>; Hormurus hypseloscolus</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus krausi </i>Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus maiwa</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus menapi </i>Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus muyua</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus oyatabu</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus oyawaka</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus sibonai </i>Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus slapcinskyi </i>Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus sporacanthophorus</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus tagula</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov.; <i>Hormurus yela</i> Monod & Prendini, sp. nov. Fully illustrated descriptions of these new taxa are presented in the present contribution, as well as a redescription of <i>Hormurus papuanus</i> Kraepelin, 1914. Hormurus species are characterized by relatively few diagnostic external characters which hampers species differentiation. However, the unusual interspecific diversity of hemispermatophores observed in Papuan taxa partially alleviate this issue and enable reliable species discrimination. The position of the laminar hook is particularly variable and is correlated with the elongation of the female genital operculum which also shows an atypical diversity for the genus. This interdependence strongly suggests genital coevolution driven by a lock-and-key mechanism. This would be the first such case reported for the order Scorpiones Koch, 1837. Multivariate and geometric morphometric analyses were carried out to visually emphasize subtle interspecific differences in external morphology and hemispermatophore morphology. Additionally, the correlation between hemispermatophore laminar hook position and shape of the female genital operculum was assessed statistically and comments are provided concerning potential mechanisms underlying the coevolutionary process.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Monod L, Lehmann-Graber C, Austin CC, Iova B, Prendini L. Atlas of Australasian hormurid scorpions. I. The genus <i>Hormurus </i>Thorell, 1876 in Papua New Guinea. Exceptional morphological diversity in male and female copulatory structures suggests genital coevolution. <a href="https://bioone.org/journals/revue-suisse-de-zoologie/volume-130/issue-suppl/RSZ.0111/Atlas-of-Australasian-hormurid-scorpions-I-The-genus-Hormurus-Thorell/10.35929/RSZ.0111.full">Rev Suisse Zool. 2023;130(Suppl.):1-243</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Gerard Dupre for sending me this article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/hormuridae.php">Family Hormuridae </a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-54152863571669286142023-11-16T13:53:00.006+01:002023-11-16T13:53:58.790+01:00A new species of Scorpiops from Xizang, China<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Y9Uk0_W0GcHfsfk7tvvj65Wp3xUk9Xt52HKaKLUXpmJKlfE_a6iGmKCBz5VfYTxEAsvhyZwVP2FfvAbrnj4xahpWxWg1hfWXPnRjH4jTUX7I732RORIKIRU-DbJOTXW_iy8nSDi15fviRhKQrBlNs6vnAp6kMsgKgyrhLFtmdDw6yjisxs13fo96/s588/rufus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="588" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7Y9Uk0_W0GcHfsfk7tvvj65Wp3xUk9Xt52HKaKLUXpmJKlfE_a6iGmKCBz5VfYTxEAsvhyZwVP2FfvAbrnj4xahpWxWg1hfWXPnRjH4jTUX7I732RORIKIRU-DbJOTXW_iy8nSDi15fviRhKQrBlNs6vnAp6kMsgKgyrhLFtmdDw6yjisxs13fo96/s320/rufus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Heyu Lv and Zhiyong Di have recently published an addition to the species in the genus <i>Scorpiops</i> Peters, 1861 (Scorpiopidae).</p><p><i>Scorpiops rufus</i> lv & Di, 2023</p><p>The article has an identification key for the species of Scorpiops in China.</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">A new species, <i>Scorpiops rufus</i> sp.n., from Xizang (China), is described and illustrated. The new species is mainly characterized by reddish-brown color, moderate size, carapace with small and dense granules, 17 (5 eb, 2 esb, 2 em, 4 est, 4 et) external and 6–8 (usually 7) ventral trichobothria in the pedipalp patella, chela with a length/width ratio about 2.5 in males and 2.6 in females, pedipalp chela fingers are scalloped in both sexes, pectinal teeth count 6 or 7 in males and 5 or 6 in females, pectinal fulcra absent. This brings the total number of species of <i>Scorpiops </i>Peters, 1861 recorded in China to 34.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Lv H-Y, Di Z-Y. A new species of the genus Scorpiops Peters, 1861 from Xizang, China (Scorpiones: Scorpiopidae). <a href="https://kmkjournals.com/upload/PDF/ArthropodaSelecta/32/32_3_323_332_Lv_Di_for_Inet.pdf">Arthropoda Selecta. 2023;32(3):323-32</a>. [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Victoria Tang for sending me this article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/scorpiopidae.php">Family Scorpiopidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7574338200770641146.post-18698936125674035752023-11-15T14:32:00.002+01:002023-11-15T14:32:17.204+01:00A new species of Euscorpius from the foothills of Mount Olympus, Greece<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSGD4mNSCHxvr2Mh0o03RG5fc_g9jhr_M_sCrPM0fkghUjM9Ur8TDIyVrysPXeyHeAOh8gF66nvkmLGcestQwG3WmaI5XS7SPNPIxI4_dvOu5JBndp39uQC1l6Xb9XYAMhBhFtWVRS7IaqIvwr_C-nxCnYAnZv6tn18RbbHuMLXFJCQL3cj_A5Qu6/s1766/olympus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1107" data-original-width="1766" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPSGD4mNSCHxvr2Mh0o03RG5fc_g9jhr_M_sCrPM0fkghUjM9Ur8TDIyVrysPXeyHeAOh8gF66nvkmLGcestQwG3WmaI5XS7SPNPIxI4_dvOu5JBndp39uQC1l6Xb9XYAMhBhFtWVRS7IaqIvwr_C-nxCnYAnZv6tn18RbbHuMLXFJCQL3cj_A5Qu6/s320/olympus.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>Javier Blasco-Aróstegui and Lorenzo Prendini recently published an article describing a new species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Euscorpiidae) from an isolated population in the foothills of Mount Olympus in Greece.</p><p><i>Euscorpius olympus</i> Blasco-Arostegui & Prendini, 2023</p><p><b>Abstract:</b><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Mediterranean mountains and Pleistocene glacial cycles are responsible for much of the unique biodiversity of the Western Palearctic, acting respectively as refugia and drivers of diversification. Mount Olympus, a legendary Greek landmark, is a perfect example. This massif provided a glacial refugium for many species, resulting in a unique biota. In the present contribution, a new euscorpiid scorpion with a distinctive morphology, <i>Euscorpius olympus</i>, sp. nov., is described from an isolated population in the foothills of Mount Olympus. This new species raises the number of species in the genus <i>Euscorpius </i>Thorell, 1876, to 74, in Greece to 32, and in the vicinity of Mount Olympus, to three. The roles of climatic oscillations, altitudinal gradients and habitat heterogeneity on the diversity and distributions of the three species occurring around Mount Olympus are briefly discussed.</span><br /></p><p><b>Reference:</b><br />Blasco-Aróstegui J, Prendini L. Glacial Relicts? a New Scorpion from Mount Olympus, Greece (Euscorpiidae: Euscorpius). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1206/4003.1">American Museum Novitates. 2023(4003):1-36</a> [Open Access]<br /></p><p>Thanks to Gerard Dupre for informing me about this article!</p><p><a href="https://www.ntnu.no/ub/scorpion-files/euscorpiidae.php">Family Euscorpiidae</a><br /></p>Jan Ove Rein (editor)http://www.blogger.com/profile/12117960906583141520noreply@blogger.com0